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AIM: To analyze the clinical and histopathological composition of orbital tumors and tumor-like lesions.METHODS: Retrospective case-series study. The clinical histopathological data of 699 cases(707 eyes)with orbital tumor and tumor-like lesions who treated in the orbital disease and ophthalmic plastic department of Tianjin Eye Hospital between January 2010 and December 2020 were collected. All the pathology diagnosis results were divided into three categories which were benign tumor, borderline tumor and malignant tumor according to the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system and the 2018 World Health Organization Classification of tumors of the eye. All cases were divided into four groups according to age, including 0～17 years old, 18～39 years old, 40～59 years old, 60 years and above. The histological composition of each group was analyzed.RESULTS: Among the 699 cases(707 eyes), 311 patients(316 eyes)were male and 388 patients(391 eyes)were female. The patient's age at diagnosis ranged from 1 to 84 years(mean 39.9±2.2)years. The right orbit was involved in 307 patients, the left orbit in 384 patients, and 8 patients in bilateral orbit. There were 598 patients(604 eyes, 85.6%)with benign tumor and tumor-like lesions, 7 patients(7 eyes, 1.0%)with borderline tumor, and 94 patients(96 eyes, 13.4%)with malignant tumors. The top 5 benign tumor and tumor-like lesions were cavernous hemangioma(110 cases, 15.7%), dermoid cysts(96 cases, 13.7%), pleomorphic adenomas(54 cases, 7.7%), inflammatory pseudotumors(38 cases, 5.4%), and schwannomas(29 cases, 4.1%)respectively. The top 5 borderline and malignant tumors were non-Hodgkin lymphomas(42 cases, 41.6%), solitary fibrous tumors(12 cases, 11.9%), adenoid cystic carcinomas(11 cases, 10.9%), metastatic tumor(9 cases, 8.9%), and rhabdomyosarcoma(8 cases, 7.9%), respectively. Among the common orbital benign tumors and tumor-like lesions, cavernous hemangioma and pleomorphic adenoma showed a female predominance. Among the common borderline and malignant tumors, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma showed a male predominance. The most common benign and malignant tumors were dermoid cysts, rhabdomyosarcomas respectively in group under 18 years old. And dermoid cysts and solitary fibrous tumors were the most common benign and malignant tumors respectively in patients between 18 and 39 years old. Cavernous hemangioma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas were the most common benign and malignant tumors respectively in patients between 40 and 59 years old. While cavernous hemangioma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas were the most common benign and malignant tumors respectively in cases over 60 years old.CONCLUSION: Most orbital tumors and tumor-like lesions are benign. The most common benign orbital tumor is cavernous hemangioma, followed by dermoid cyst. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common malignant orbital tumor.
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OBJECTIVE@#Sorafenib has been extensively used for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and Chinese herbal medicine has also been used to manage advanced HCC. The present work evaluates the effectiveness and safety of Jiedu (JD) Granule, a compound of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, side-by-side with sorafenib for the treatment of advance HCC.@*METHODS@#Patients with advanced HCC receiving treatment with JD Granule or sorafenib were enrolled from December 2014 to March 2018. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and safety. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to control for possible selection bias from the study group allocation process.@*RESULTS@#Of the 325 patients included, 161 received JD Granule and 164 received sorafenib. No significant differences were found in OS or PFS among patients receiving JD Granule compared to sorafenib (P > 0.05). Median OS of the two study groups was 6.83 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.83-9.47) in the group receiving JD Granule and 8 months (95% CI: 6.67-9.80) in the group receiving sorafenib, with half-, 1- and 2-year survival rates of 53.6%, 31.2% and 13.2% vs 60.1%, 35.5% and 14.2%, respectively. Even after PSM, the median survival time did not differ between the JD Granule group (9.03 months; 95% CI: 6.37-14.2) and the sorafenib group (7.93 months; 95% CI: 6.5-9.97), with comparable half-, 1- and 2-year survival rates. The most common adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea (13.7%) and fatigue (5.6%) in the JD Granule group, and hand-foot skin reaction (46.3%) and diarrhea (36.6%) in the sorafenib group. The JD Granule was more cost-effective than sorafenib treatment for advanced HCC.@*CONCLUSION@#Compared to sorafenib, JD Granule was more cost-effective and caused fewer AEs for the treatment of Chinese patients with advanced HCC.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of sublethal dose of Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) 2 362 strain on the malaria transmission ability of Anopheles (An.) dirus (Hainan strain) and its molecular mechanism. Methods: Firstly, the fourth instar larvae of An. dirus was treated with sublethal dose of Bacillus sphaericus. The surviving larvae were then collected and placed into mosquito cages, where they were hatched into adult mosquitoes. These mosquitoes were recorded as Bs group. Meanwhile, the control group was set without any treatment. Then, for infection with Plasmodium yoelii BY265 RFP, 3- to 5-day old female adults were kept at 24 °C and fed on Plasmodium yoelii BY265 RFP-infected Kunming mice with a gametocytemia above 0.5%. On day 9-11 post infection, mosquitoes were dissected, and the oocysts on the midguts were examined under a fluorescence microscope. Thirdly, total RNA was extracted from mosquitoes of Bs group and the control group at different time-points respectively, and the cDNA were synthesized later. Finally, SYBR quantitative PCR was conducted to investigate the expression of Imd pathway anti-malaria molecules at different time-points, including TEP1 and Rel2, in Bs and control group mosquitoes. Results: Bs treatment remarkably reduced the infection rate of Plasmodium from 23.71% (124/523) to 16.23% (87/536) (Chi-square test, P=0.002 0.05). Additionally, the intensities of melanized oocysts were compared between the two groups, and no significant difference was found, either (P=0.566>0.05). Interestingly, compared with the control group, the expression levels of TEP1 and Rel2 in Bs group were obviously up-regulated in larval, adult and infected mosquitoes. Especially in 3 dpi and 7 dpi, the expression level of TEP1 in Bs group was nearly 4 times higher than that of the control group, while Rel2 reached to approximately 7 times. Conclusions: We firstly found that the sublethal dose of Bs significantly suppressed the vector competence of An. dirus to malaria parasites, which revealed a new important role of Bs on the basis of killing mosquito larvae. Furthermore, the Imd signaling pathway might play an effective way in Bs impacting the vector competence of An. dirus through upregulating the expression of NF-kB transcription factor Rel2, enhancing the expression of TEP1, which killed the Plasmodium, but not through melanization.
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@#Retinal diseases and optic nerve injury blocked visual signal transduction from retinal neurons to visual cortex, which would cause significant influence on patients' visual function and life quality. In clinic, glaucoma, traumatic optic neuropathy, and retinitis pigmentosa and so on are accompanied with degeneration of retinal neurons or optic nerve. However, efficient neuro-protective treatment is limited. Currently, studies suggested neuro-protective and regenerative effect of electrical stimulation treatment on retinal neurons and optic nerves. In this study, we reviewed the application of electrical stimulation in ophthalmology and summarized the possible mechanism, aiming to promote the development of electrical stimulation in the study and treatment of eye diseases.
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Objective To analyze the clinical features and pathological classification of corneal neoplasms.Methods The clinical data of 135 patients (136 eyes) of corneal neoplasm between January 2002 and June 2016 in Tianjin Eye Hospital were reviewed retrospectively,and the pathological features were analyzed.Results Together 118 patients (87.41％) with benign neoplasms were found,including 100 patients with corneal dermoid neoplasms,8 patients with epithelium cell proliferation,6 patients with corneal nevus pigmentation,2 patients with squamous papilloma,1 patient with epithelial cyst,1 patient with proliferation of granulation tissue.And 17 patients (12.59％)with premalignant or malignant neoplasms were found,including 5 patients with actinic keratosis,5 patients with squamous cell carcinoma,4 patients with carcinoma in situ,3patients with atypical hyperplasia.In 5 cases of squamous cell carcinoma patients,there were 2 cases of patients with papillary squamous cell carcinoma and 3 with invasive squamous cell carcinoma.The incidence of benign corneal neoplasms was highest in patients aged 0 to 17 years,and the prevalence of precancerous lesions and malignancies was highest in patients over 60 years of age.Conclusion In patients with corneal neoplasm,corneal dermoid neoplasm is the most common benign tumor of the cornea,and actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common corneal precancerous lesions and malignancies accordingly in our study.
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Injury or death of retinal ganglion cells may lead to irreversibly damage to visual function.However,no treatment have showed efficiency to replace the damaged cells and restore the visual function.Due to the multi-directionally differentiated potential of stem cells,their role in optic nerve protection and restoration following injury is becoming a hot research spot.The purpose of this article is to summarize the progress of stem cells for the repair of optic nerve in basic and clinical researches.
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Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are a type of self-renewing,multipotential stem cell groups that mainly located in bone marrow.At present,many research groups,domestic and abroad,have reported that BMSCs can not only differentiate into corneal epithelial cells,corneal endothelial and corneal limbus stem cells,but also play an important role in ocular surface repair.The aim of this article is to summarize the progress on BMSCs in basic and clinical corneal researches.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Numerous studies have shown that time spent on television (TV) viewing is positively associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the potential association between excessive TV viewing and obesity, especially abdominal obesity, among children and adolescents in mainland of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 4708 children and adolescents aged 6 to 16 years were recruited for the study. Anthropometric measures were conducted by trained personnels. A self-report questionnaire was designed to gather information on TV time, physical activity, diet habits, maternal body mass index (BMI), birth weight, and on general demographics, including age and gender, and socio-economic status.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of obesity in this group was 6.5%. Linear regression analysis indicated that high TV viewing time (≥ 1.5 h/d) was significantly associated with higher BMI, waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). In addition, the high TV time group had 1.3 times the odds of obesity as compared to the low TV time group. Likewise, high TV viewing time increased the OR value 1.32 and 1.21 times higher in WC- and WHtR-defined obesity. Within the non-obesity group, high TV viewing time was also positively associated with higher WC and WHtR. All these correlations remained significant after adjustment for the confounding variables.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Excessive TV viewing might increase the risk of obesity among Chinese youth. Reducing TV viewing time may be beneficial to improve health outcomes, both in the short- and long term. This finding should be taken into account in future designs of intervention policies to prevent childhood and adolescent obesity in China.</p>